Mesenchymal stem cell transformation and sarcoma genesis

Table 2 A summary of induced transformation studies with mouse cells

Sarcomas without specific chromosomal translocation
Cell type	Inactivated gene(s)	Expressed gene(s)/treatment	Type of sarcoma	Reference
mASCs	p21 + p53	-	“Fibrosarcoma”	[20]
mASCs	p53 or p53 + Rb	-	Leiomyosarcoma	[7]
BM-mMSCs	INK4A/ARF	c-myc	Osteosarcoma	[24]
Osteoblastic lineage	p53 or p53 + Rb	-	Osteosarcoma	[32, 33]
Mesenchymal cells of limb buds	p53	-	Osteosarcoma	[23]
Mesenchymal cells of limb buds	p53 + Rb	-	Undifferentiated sarcoma	[23]
Muscle, uterus	p53 orINK4A/ARF	K-RAS	High-grade sarcoma with myofibroblastic differentiation	[25]
Muscle	p53	K-RAS	Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma	[18]
Smooth muscle lineage	PTEN	-	Leiomyosarcoma	[17]
MSC progenitors	APC	-	Aggressive fibromatosis	[67]
Sarcomas with specific chromosomal translocation
Cell type	Expressed fusion gene		Type of sarcoma	Reference
BM-mMSCs	EWS-FLI-1		Ewing sarcoma	[63]
	EWS-FLI-1		Ewing sarcoma	[65]
	FUS-CHOP		Myxoid liposarcoma	[11]
	PAX3/7-FKHR		Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma	[71]
mASCs	FUS- CHOP		Liposarcoma	[11]
Mesenchymal cells of limb buds	EWS-FLI-1		Ewing sarcoma	[65]
Differentiated muscle cells (MYF6-expressing cells)	PAX3-FKHR		Liposarcoma	[70]

ISSN: 2045-3329