Survival is influenced by approaches to local treatment of Ewing sarcoma within an international randomised controlled trial: analysis of EICESS-92

Table 12 Hazard ratios for comparing CCLG and GPOH patients, after examining local treatment and time to local treatment

	EFS		OS
	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value
All patients
Unadjusted	1.22 (0.96–1.56)	0.10	1.29 (0.99–1.68)	0.055
Adjusted for local treatment^a	1.14 (0.87–1.51)	0.34	1.25 (0.93–1.68)	0.15
Adjusted for between the start of chemotherapy and starting local treatment	1.13 (0.88–1.45)	0.34	1.19 (0.91–1.56)	0.20
Adjusted for both local treatment and timing	1.11 (0.84–1.47)	0.46	1.21 (0.90–1.65)	0.21
Localised disease only
Unadjusted	1.31 (0.97–1.76)	0.08	1.39 (1.00–1.93)	0.048
Adjusted for local treatment^a	1.22 (0.87–1.72)	0.25	1.30 (0.89–1.90)	0.17
Adjusted for between the start of chemotherapy and starting local treatment	1.18 (0.87–1.60)	0.30	1.24 (0.88–1.74)	0.21
Adjusted for local treatment and the time between the start of chemotherapy and starting local treatment	1.14 (0.81–1.62)	0.45	1.20 (0.82–1.77)	0.35
Metastatic disease only
Unadjusted	0.98 (0.65–1.48)	0.93	1.01 (0.66–1.57)	0.94
Adjusted for local treatment^a	0.98 (0.61–1.56)	0.93	1.11 (0.68–1.81)	0.69
Adjusted for between the start of chemotherapy and starting local treatment	0.95 (0.62–1.45)	0.81	1.00 (0.64–1.57)	0.98
Adjusted for both local treatment and timing	0.99 (0.61–1.60)	0.97	1.14 (0.69–1.89)	0.60

Type of local treatment and time to local treatment seem to be independent factors. In the Cox regression which contains both of them, the p values for each variable are: All patients EFS: local treatment (p < 0.0001); time to local treatment (p < 0.001)
All patients OS: local treatment (p < 0.0001); time to local treatment (p < 0.001)
Patients with localised disease only, EFS: local treatment (p = 0.002); time to local treatment (p = 0.002)
Patients with localised disease only OS: local treatment (p = 0.002; time to local treatment (p = 0.004)
^aSurgery alone, radiotherapy alone, surgery then radiotherapy, radiotherapy then surgery

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